Topic data
Technology and innovation
Move from research inputs to patents, publications, AI adoption and digital access using source-specific measures.
Research and development
3,926.2billion yuan · 2025Artificial intelligence industry and adoption
602million users · China · year-end 2025PCT international patent applications
73,718applications · China · 2025 estimateScientific publications
932,712fractional publications · China · 2023Read together
Related does not mean interchangeable
Innovation cannot be reduced to one ranking. R&D measures inputs, patents and publications capture different outputs, while AI adoption and internet access describe diffusion and use.
Related indicators
5 published measures
Research and development
Research and development
R&D expenditure, intensity and basic-research share using official annual statistics.
PCT international patent applications
PCT international patent applications
China's 2025 PCT application total, world share, global trend, top-20 origins and a 1979–2025 animated origin ranking.
Scientific publications
Scientific publications
China's fractional-count S&E publication output, same-source world share, 2002–2023 fixed-top-ten animation and top-1%-cited journal article context.
Artificial intelligence industry and adoption
Artificial intelligence industry and adoption
China's 2025 AI industry and computing snapshot, generative-AI user adoption, regulatory filings and WIPO patent-family comparison.
Internet penetration
Internet penetration
CNNIC official observation-period trend and a separately presented WDI/ITU international comparison.
International context
World shares require matching source, year and definition
Use China and the World to see which totals support defensible global shares and which rates, per-capita measures or rankings need a different comparison.
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Methods and sources
Definitions and original sources remain indicator-specific
Topic pages organise discovery; they do not create a new data source. Every number remains tied to the formal indicator data, source registry and definition notes.